After the middle of the twentieth Century, along with the automatic control theory and automatic control technologies mature, with A /D (digital / analog conversion) link based digital instrument has been rapid development.
With the rapid development of computer, communications, software and new materials, new technology and mature, artificial intelligence, online measurement and control possible, make the instrument towards intelligent, virtual and network.
Digital instrument, intelligent instrument, the personal computer instrument, virtual instrument and network instrument represents the mainstream and direction of the development of modern scientific instruments in twentieth Century.
The Twelfth Five Year Plan "period the Ministry had sensors and intelligent instrument swing to promote transformation and upgrading of manufacturing industry in an important position, the letter R & D and industrialization of sensors and intelligent instrument department related resources in industry support.
Digitalization is the basis of intelligent instruments, personal instrument and virtual instrument, is a prerequisite for entering the measuring instrument of computer technology. Widely used in electronic digital computer, numerical control technology, communication equipment, digital instrument and other aspects, such as the first electronic digital computer ENIAC, Spanish metallographic microscope, microscope, X ray machine etc..
Intelligent instrument
Intelligent instrument is independent of the type of instrument and a microcomputer system is embedded into digital electronic measuring instruments in which the.
Embedded computer system can be a chip level, such as single chip microcomputer, digital signal processing (Digital Signal Processing, DSP), the template class such as PC - 4. Can also be a system level, such as micro computer system, programmable single chip system (System on a ProgrammableChip, SOPC) etc..
Self-contained intelligent instrument in the structure, and some internal instrument is also provided with a micro computer system both special and general purpose interface bus (General Purpose Interface Bus, GP IB) interface, can finish the test of independence. Intelligent instrument due to the introduction of the computer, the function is powerful, excellent performance, flexible and convenient use, is the main stage of high-end electronic instrument. Such as ionic contamination tester, PIN machine, double disc grinding machine, peeling strength tester, modern precision testing instruments pull strength tester adopts intelligent technology, such as nano and intelligent robot.
With the continuous progress of the new technology, new technology and embedded system technology, intelligent instrument is still evolving constantly, constantly improve the level of intelligence.
Personal instrument
The hardware module test function, make a I/O card (instrument card), directly into the personal computer (PC) expansion slot, and then configure test software, so that the computer can finish measuring instrument function, constitute a personal computer instrument based on PC. The personal computer instrument fully absorbs the advantages of GP IB standard and intelligent instrument intelligent, also can share the PC machine hardware, peripherals and software resources, so that it shows strong vitality.
Virtual instrument
Virtual technology is the use of computer interface and online help function, the establishment of virtual instrument board, by calculating the operation is completed on the object test analysis function.
Virtual instrument is essentially "flex", "virtual actual combination" product. It makes full use of computer technology to realize and expand the function of traditional instrument. In the virtual instrument, the hardware only signal transmission medium, the software is the key of the whole instrument system.
The test system can test the software users according to their own needs through the preparation of different to construct different function. Among them, many hardware function can be directly realized by software, the system has the versatility and flexibility of strong.
Network instrument
Internet and Intranet based on network instrument is a perfect combination of computer technology, virtual technology, network technology, represents the development trend of the current and future instrument field, already appeared in measurement and measuring and controlling field. Such as network flow meter, networked sensors, networked oscillograph, network analyzer and network measurement table, has become a new favorite people.
Network instrument can realize any time, any place remote access to the system, obtain the instrument working state real time; through friendly user interface, can not only control function and state detection of remote instruments, can be remote instrument measured fast data transfer to local computer. Compared with traditional instrument, network instrument has the incomparable advantage, such as decentralized function, risk dispersing, geographic dispersion, centralized management, strong communication function, network isolation degree is high, widely distributed; the system has the advantages of simple operation, friendly man-machine interface, easy to expand and maintain; communication standard open, consistent, open, information resource sharing instrument in between, with interoperability, can set up a large scale distributed measurement and control network, etc.. Therefore, network instrument has become a prominent trend of modern instrument development.